Subsurface nutrient modelling using finite element model under Boro rice cropping system

Boro rice, an emerging low-risk crop variety of rice, cultivated using residual or stored water after Kharif season. To enhance the quality and production of rice, potassium (K) and phosphorus (P) are the common constituents of agricultural fertilizers. However, excess application of fertilizers causes leaching of nutrients and contaminates the groundwater system. Therefore, assessment and optimization of fertilizer dose are needed for better management of fertilizers. Towards this, the present study determines the path, persistence, and mobility of K and P under the Boro rice cropping system. The experimental site consisted of four plots having Boro rice with four different fertilizer doses of nitrogen (N), P, K viz. 100%, 75%, 50%, and 25% of the recommended dose. Disturbed soil samples were analysed for K and P from pre-sown land to tillering stage at 0–5, 5–10, 10–15, 15–30, 30–45, and 45–60 cm depths. Simultaneously, K and available P were also simulated in the subsurface soil layers through the HYDRUS-1D model. The statistical comparisons were made with RMSER, E, and PBIAS between the modelled values and laboratory-measured values. Although, the results showed that all the treatments considered had agreeable simulations for both K and P, the K simulations were found to be better as compared to P simulations except for 25% where P simulations outperformed K. The simulated concentration at all doses was found most appropriate when measured for the subsurface layers (up to 45 cm), while showed an underestimation in the bottom layers (45–60 cm) of soil.

     

Improving the feasibility of aquaculture feed by using microalgae

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The aquaculture industry is an efficient edible protein producer and grows faster than any other food sector. Therefore, it requires enormous amounts...     

Fluoride contamination in and around selected geothermal sites in Odisha,Eastern India: assessment of ionic relations,fluoride exposure and remediation

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Fluoride contamination in groundwater is a major problem throughout the world as well as in India. High-fluoride content was reported in the hot...     

ZnO nanophotocatalysts coupled with ceramic membrane method for treatment of Rhodamine-B dye waste water

In the present investigation, hybrid treatment process has been developed for the treatment of synthetic dye wastewater. Photocatalysis and ceramic nanoporous membrane are mainly used for process integration to minimize the fouling and increase the flux. Commercial ZnO powder has been used as a nano-photocatalyst for the degradation of rhodamine-B dye in the hybrid system. Commercial ceramic nanoporous tubular membranes have been used for the rejection of dye and suspended catalysts. Photocatalysis process alone has shown the 33% of decolorization, whereas ceramic nanofiltration has shown the 50% of decolorization. Integration of photocatalysis and ceramic nanofiltration were shown 96% of dye decolorization over 90 min of operation.     

以硝酸盐为主要氮源的反硝化除磷细菌驯化

以活性污泥为种泥,通过序批式反应器(Sequencing Batch Reactor,SBR),在厌氧-缺氧-好氧交替的条件下驯化培养以硝酸盐为主要氮源的反硝化除磷细菌(Denitrifying Phosphorus-Accumulating Organisms,DPAO)。在330 d的培养时间内监测磷酸盐、硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐等常规指标,并研究驯化不同阶段的一个周期内各指标的变化及进行相应的动力学分析。结果表明,随着驯化的进行,厌氧阶段释磷速率逐渐增加,释磷量也相应增大,出水磷质量浓度最终维持在0.8mg/L,去除率达到91.8%,硝氮全部去除。通过对16S r RNA测序结果的比对,得到聚磷菌占总菌的76.93%,反硝化除磷菌占聚磷菌的一半以上。而聚糖菌仅占5.13%,聚磷菌成为优势菌种。此外,在整个驯化过程中,水质和环境条件的变化使出水中磷质量浓度出现波动,而出水硝氮的变化不大。研究表明,以硝酸盐作为主要氮源培养反硝化除磷细菌的方式是可行的,并有利于聚磷菌对聚糖菌的竞争,使聚磷菌成为优势菌种。     

行为经济学视角下矿工不安全行为仿真分析

为了分析影响矿工不安全行为决策的成本收益因素，扩展不安全行为的研究方向，基于行为经济学，构建矿工不安全行为决策模型，模型包括矿工属性、管理者属性以及矿工之间的交互影响规则。利用Netlogo工具进行仿真模拟，探讨不同影响因素对不安全行为产生的影响程度。结果表明:正向激励水平对抑制不安全行为效果显著，同时，维持合理的工作时间对保障安全生产意义重大，从而为煤矿企业控制不安全行为提供思路。     

Spatial and Seasonal Response of Municipal Water Use to Weather across the Contiguous U.S.

Weather variability has the potential to influence municipal water use, particularly in dry regions such as the western United States (U.S.). Outdoor water use can account for more than half of annual household water use and may be particularly responsive to weather, but little is known about how the expected magnitude of these responses varies across the U.S. This nationwide study identified the response of municipal water use to monthly weather (i.e., temperature, precipitation, evapotranspiration [ET]) using monthly water deliveries for 229 cities in the contiguous U.S. Using city‐specific multiple regression and region‐specific models with city fixed effects, we investigated what portion of the variability in municipal water use was explained by weather across cities, and also estimated responses to weather across seasons and climate regions. Our findings indicated municipal water use was generally well‐explained by weather, with median adjusted R² ranging from 63% to 95% across climate regions. Weather was more predictive of water use in dry climates compared to wet, and temperature had more explanatory power than precipitation or ET. In response to a 1°C increase in monthly maximum temperature, municipal water use was shown to increase by 3.2% and 3.9% in dry cities in winter and summer, respectively, with smaller changes in wet cities. Quantifying these responses allows urban water managers to plan for weather‐driven variability in water use.     

Triphenyl methyl phosphonium tosylate as an efficient phase transfer catalyst for ultrasound-assisted oxidative desulfurization of liquid fuel

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The novel phosphonium-based ionic liquid (IL), triphenyl methyl phosphonium tosylate ([TPMP][Tos]), has been synthesized and applied as a phase...     

机械式模拟运输台仿真研究

模拟运输振动试验台作为一种机械式随机振动模拟器,能够较好地再现汽车运输振动环境。针对模拟运输台在调试、使用时具有一定盲目性的问题,进行了运动学仿真。仿真结果与实测数据吻合良好,验证了模型建立的正确性,调整模拟运输台上可变参数进行一系列的仿真,总结这些参数对于最终结果影响的规律。仿真结果表明,模拟运输台的台面振动由系统自激振动和凸轮带动台面强迫振动复合而成;台面上功率谱密度的第一主峰主要和系统的自激振动有关,第二主峰主要和凸轮带动台面的强迫振动有关。     

污水土地处理系统构造对水力特性影响研究

在污水土地处理系统的模型反应器中进行流态试验,使用停留时间分布(RTD)分析理论,探索反应器不同构造的水流流态。试验表明,升流式和降流式的反应器流态均接近推流;无因次平均停留时间分别为0.974和0.845。由于在整个水平过水断面上承托层的布水作用及集水层的集水作用,系统采用不同管网布设程度的布水和集水方式对流态的影响不大,体积效率均在90%以上。填料层高度对流态有一定影响,当高度为40 cm时流态最接近推流,水流的轴向扩散系数最小,其值为0.027,属于低扩散程度。